Incoterms 2020
Seller and buyer responsibilities for all 11 delivery terms.
| Code | Name | Transport Mode | Seller Responsibility | Buyer Responsibility | Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXW | Ex Works | All modes | Minimum | Maximum | Seller makes goods available at their premises; all costs and risks pass to the buyer. |
| FCA | Free Carrier | All modes | Low | High | Seller delivers goods to a named carrier at an agreed point. |
| FAS | Free Alongside Ship | Sea / Inland | Medium | Medium | Seller delivers goods alongside the vessel at the named port. |
| FOB | Free on Board | Sea / Inland | Medium | Medium | Risk and cost transfer to the buyer once goods are loaded on board. |
| CPT | Carriage Paid To | All modes | High | Low | Seller pays freight to the named destination; risk transfers at carrier handover. |
| CIP | Carriage & Insurance Paid | All modes | High | Low | Same as CPT, but seller must also procure minimum insurance for the buyer. |
| CFR | Cost & Freight | Sea / Inland | High | Low | Seller pays freight; risk transfers to buyer once goods are on board. |
| CIF | Cost, Insurance & Freight | Sea / Inland | High | Low | CFR plus seller takes out minimum insurance in favour of the buyer. |
| DAP | Delivered at Place | All modes | Very High | Minimum | Seller delivers to the named place; buyer handles import customs. |
| DPU | Delivered at Place Unloaded | All modes | Very High | Minimum | Seller delivers and unloads at destination; buyer handles import customs. |
| DDP | Delivered Duty Paid | All modes | Maximum | Minimum | Most comprehensive term; seller bears all costs and risks including import duty. |